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(with reference to the future)

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1 reference

['refərəns]

noun

1) ((an) act of referring (to something); a mention (of something): He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.) sklicevanje

2) (a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job: Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers.) priporočilo

3) (an indication in a book, report etc, showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found.) napotitev

* * *
I [réfrəns]
noun

napotitev, napotek (to k, v, na); odnos, zveza (to z); sklicevanje; ozir (to do, na); figuratively namigovanje, aluzija, merjenje na, spominjanje na; pristojnost; prepustitev (višji instanci); referenca, priporočilo, spričevalo; priporočitelj, porok; oseba, ki jo lahko vprašamo o sposobnostih kake osebe; povpraševanje, konzultiranje; zapisek, vir; sporočilo ( as to gledé, o, kar se tiče); tiskarski znak, ki napoti na opombo, na stran itd.

in (with) reference to (him) — kar se tiče (njega)

in reference to this — gledé na to, v tem pogledu

outside my reference — zunaj moje pristojnosti

without reference to (age) — ne gledé na (starost)

to ask for a reference — prositi za referenco

to have reference to — nanašati se na, biti v zvezi z, tikati se (koga, česa)

to have no reference to — ne se tikati, ne se nanašati na

to give many references — dati mnoge napotke

to make reference to — dotakniti se (česa), mimogredé omeniti

to make reference to a dictionary — zateči se k slovarju, pogledati, poiskati v slovarju, sklicevati se na slovar

the minister is his reference — za podatke o sebi se sklicuje na ministra

he spends his money without reference to the future — on trati svoj denar, ne da bi mislil na prihodnost

success has little reference to merit — uspeh ima malo posla z zaslugo

his sudden departure has no reference to our quarrel — njegov nenadni odhod nima nobene zveze z najinim prepirom

try to find my references — skušaj najti moje zapiske (o tem)
II [réfrəns]
transitive verb

navesti vire (v knjigi); opremiti z napotki (o piscih itd.)

English-Slovenian dictionary > reference
2 reference

reference ['refrəns]

1 noun

(a) (allusion) allusion f (to à); (mention) mention f (to de);

∎ to make a reference to sth faire allusion à qch;

∎ if any reference is made to me si on parle de moi;

∎ a talk on the environment with particular reference to… un exposé sur l'environnement abordant tout particulièrement…;

∎ with reference to your request for more funding en ce qui concerne votre demande de fonds supplémentaires;

∎ Commerce with reference to your letter of 25 June… suite à votre courrier du 25 juin…;

∎ with reference to what was said at the meeting à propos de ou en ce qui concerne ce qui a été dit au cours de la réunion

(b) (consultation) consultation f;

∎ without reference to me sans me consulter;

∎ for reference only (on library book) consultation sur place; (on document etc in circulation) pour information seulement;

∎ to keep sth for future reference garder qch à titre d'information;

∎ for future reference, please note… pour votre information à l'avenir, veuillez noter…

(c) (in code, catalogue) référence f; (on map) coordonnées fpl; (in book → allusion) référence f, allusion f; (→ footnote, cross-reference) renvoi m;

∎ look up the reference in the dictionary cherchez la référence dans le dictionnaire;

∎ it's a biblical reference c'est une allusion ou une référence biblique

(d) Commerce référence f;

∎ quote this reference rappelez cette référence;

∎ your reference votre référence;

∎ our reference notre référence

(e) Banking (testimonial) référence f

(f) (recommendation → for job) références fpl;

∎ to give sb a reference fournir une référence à qn;

∎ to have good references avoir de bonnes références;

∎ could you give me a reference please? pouvez-vous me fournir des références, s'il vous plaît?;

∎ I'm often asked for references on me demande souvent de fournir des références;

∎ to take up references prendre contact avec ou contacter les personnes dont un candidat se recommande;

∎ you can use my name as a reference vous pouvez me citer comme référence;

∎ banker's reference références fpl bancaires

(g) (remit → of commission) compétence f, pouvoirs mpl;

∎ the question is outside the tribunal's reference la question n'est pas de la compétence du tribunal

(h) Linguistics référence f

(i) Law (of case) renvoi m

2 compound-forming noun

(material, section) de référence; (value, quantity) de référence, étalon

3 transitive verb

(a) (refer to) faire référence à

(b) (thesis) établir la liste des citations dans; (quotation) donner la référence de

(c) Computing référencer

►► reference book ouvrage m de référence;

Marketing reference customer client(e) m,f de référence;

Marketing reference group groupe m de référence;

reference library bibliothèque f d'ouvrages de référence;

reference number numéro m de référence;

reference point point m de repère;

Finance reference rate taux m de référence;

reference room (in public library) salle f de lecture; (in university) salle f de consultation;

Marketing reference sale vente f de référence;

reference work ouvrage m de référence

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > reference
3 reference

reference

A n

1 (mention, allusion) référence f (to à), allusion f (to à) ; in a pointed reference to recent events dans une allusion claire aux événements récents ; there are three references to his son in the article son fils est mentionné trois fois dans l'article ; few references are made to peu d'allusions sont faites à ;

2 ( consultation) to do sth without reference to sb/sth faire qch sans consulter qn/qch ; ‘for reference only’ ( on library book) ‘consultation sur place’ ; I'll keep this leaflet for future reference je garde ce prospectus: il pourra me servir plus tard ; for future reference, dogs are not allowed pour information, je vous signale que les chiens sont interdits ici ; for easy reference, we recommend the pocket edition nous recommandons l'édition de poche comme ouvrage facile à consulter ;

3 ( consideration) without reference to sans tenir compte de [cases, statistics, objectives, needs] ;

4 ( allusion) allusion f (to à) ; to make reference to sb/sth faire allusion à qn/qch ;

5 Print ( in book) référence f ;

6 ( also reference mark) renvoi m ;

7 Comm (on letter, memo) référence f ; please quote this reference prière de rappeler cette référence ;

8 ( testimonial) a reference des références fpl ; to write ou give sb a reference fournir des références à qn ;

9 ( referee) personne f pouvant fournir des références ;

10 Ling référence f ;

11 Geog map references coordonnées fpl.

B with reference to prep phr en ce qui concerne, quant à ; with particular/specific reference to particulièrement/spécifiquement en ce qui concerne ; with reference to your letter/request suite à votre lettre/demande.

C vtr fournir les sources de [book, article] ; the book is not well referenced le livre n'indique pas suffisamment ses sources.

Big English-French dictionary > reference
4 reference

reference [ˈrefrəns]

1. noun

   a. référence f (to à)

• keep these details for reference gardez ces renseignements pour information

   b. ( = allusion) allusion f (to à)

• a reference was made to his illness on a fait allusion à sa maladie

► with reference to en ce qui concerne

   c. ( = testimonial) reference(s) références fpl

• to give sb good references fournir de bonnes références à qn

   d. ( = note redirecting reader) référence f ; (on map) coordonnées fpl

• please quote this reference prière de rappeler cette référence

2. compounds

► reference book noun ouvrage m de référence

► reference library noun bibliothèque f d'ouvrages de référence

► reference number noun numéro m de référence

* * *
['refərəns] 1.
noun

1) ( allusion) référence f (to à), allusion f (to à)

to make reference to somebody/something — faire allusion à quelqu'un/quelque chose

there are three references to his son in the article — son fils est mentionné trois fois dans l'article

2) ( consultation)

to do something without reference to somebody/something — faire quelque chose sans consulter quelqu'un/quelque chose

‘for reference only’ — ( on library book) ‘consultation sur place’

for future reference — pour information

without reference to — sans tenir compte de [statistics, needs]

3) (in book, letter, memo) référence f

please quote this reference — prière de rappeler cette référence

4) (also reference mark) renvoi m

5) ( testimonial) références fpl

6) ( referee) personne f pouvant fournir des références

7) Linguistics référence f

8) Geography

map references — coordonnées fpl
2.
with reference to prepositional phrase en ce qui concerne, quant à

with reference to your letter/request — suite à votre lettre/demande
3.
transitive verb fournir les sources de [book, article]

English-French dictionary > reference
5 reference

'refərəns

noun

1) ((an) act of referring (to something); a mention (of something): He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.) referencia

2) (a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job: Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers.) referencias

3) (an indication in a book, report etc, showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found.) referencia

reference n

1. consulta

a dictionary is a reference book el diccionario es un libro de consulta

2. referencias

have you got a reference? ¿tienes referencias?

to make reference mencionar / hacer referencia

she made no reference to William no hizo referencia a William

reference

tr['refərəns]

noun

1 referencia, mención nombre femenino

■ I can find no reference to his wife no encuentro mención alguna a su esposa

2 (for job) referencias nombre femenino plural

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

for future reference para consultas en el futuro

to make reference to hacer referencia a, mencionar

with reference to referente a, con relación a

reference book libro de consulta

reference library biblioteca de consulta

reference ['rɛfrənts, 'rɛfə-] n

1) allusion: referencia f, alusión f

to make reference to: hacer referencia a

2) consultation: consulta f

for future reference: para futuras consultas

3) or reference book : libro m de consulta

4) testimonial: informe m, referencia f, recomendación f

reference

n.

• alusión s.f.

• informe s.m.

• referencia s.f.

v.

• referenciar v.

'refrəns, 'refərəns
noun

1) c u ( allusion)

reference (TO something/somebody) — alusión f or referencia f (a algo/alguien)

to make reference to something/somebody — hacer* alusión or referencia a algo/alguien, mencionar algo/a alguien

with reference to something — con referencia or relación a algo, en relación con algo

2)

a) u ( consultation) consulta f

for future reference — para futura(s) consulta(s)

for future reference, you ought to get authorization first — de aquí en adelante tenga en cuenta que primero hay que pedir autorización; (before n)

reference book/library — obra f/biblioteca f de consulta or de referencia

for reference use only — para consultar en sala

b) c ( indicator) referencia f; (before n)

reference number — número m de referencia

3) u (scope, remit)

point of reference — punto m de referencia

4) c ( for job candidate - testimonial) referencia f, informe m; (- person giving testimonial) (AmE)

you need two references — necesitas el aval de dos personas

['refrǝns]
1. N

1) (=act of referring) consulta f

an index is included for ease of reference or for easy reference — se incluye un índice para facilitar la consulta

it was agreed without reference to me — se acordó sin consultarme

for future reference, please note that... — por si importa en el futuro, obsérvese que...

I'll keep it for future reference — lo guardo por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro

2) (=allusion) alusión f, referencia f

I can't find any reference to him in the files — no encuentro nada que haga referencia a él en los archivos

he does this by reference to the same principles — hace esto tomando como referencia los mismos principios

without reference to any particular case — sin referirse a ningún caso (en) concreto

with particular reference to... — con referencia especial a...

he spoke without any reference to you — habló sin mencionarte para nada

to make reference to sth/sb — hacer referencia a algo/algn, hacer alusión a algo/algn
passing
3) (=identifying source) (in text) referencia f, remisión f ; (=citation) referencia f ; (Comm) (in letter, catalogue) (also: reference number) número m de referencia; (on map) indicación f ; (Typ) (also: reference mark) llamada f

"reference XYZ2" — "número de referencia: XYZ2"

to look up a reference — (in book) buscar una referencia; (on map) seguir las coordenadas
cross-reference, grid
4) (=testimonial) (=document) referencia f, informe m ; (=person) garante mf, fiador(a) m / f

she has good references — tiene buenas referencias, tiene buenos informes

the firm offered to give her a reference — la empresa se ofreció a darle referencias or informes

to take up (sb's) references — pedir referencias or informes (de algn)
character, credit
5) (=remit)
see frame 1., 4); see point 4.; see term 1., 6), a)
2. VT

1) (=provide references for) [+ book] dotar de referencias a

2) (=refer to) [+ source] citar

3.

CPD [material, tool, room] de consulta

reference book N — libro m de consulta

reference group N — (Sociol) grupo m de estudio

reference library N — biblioteca f de consulta

reference mark N — llamada f

reference number N — número m de referencia

reference point N — punto m de referencia

reference price N — (Agr) precio m de referencia

* * *
['refrəns, 'refərəns]
noun

1) c u ( allusion)

reference (TO something/somebody) — alusión f or referencia f (a algo/alguien)

to make reference to something/somebody — hacer* alusión or referencia a algo/alguien, mencionar algo/a alguien

with reference to something — con referencia or relación a algo, en relación con algo

2)

a) u ( consultation) consulta f

for future reference — para futura(s) consulta(s)

for future reference, you ought to get authorization first — de aquí en adelante tenga en cuenta que primero hay que pedir autorización; (before n)

reference book/library — obra f/biblioteca f de consulta or de referencia

for reference use only — para consultar en sala

b) c ( indicator) referencia f; (before n)

reference number — número m de referencia

3) u (scope, remit)

point of reference — punto m de referencia

4) c ( for job candidate - testimonial) referencia f, informe m; (- person giving testimonial) (AmE)

you need two references — necesitas el aval de dos personas

English-spanish dictionary > reference
6 future

1. adjective
1) [zu]künftig

at some future date — zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt

2) (Ling.) futurisch

future tense — Futur, das; Zukunft, die

future perfect — Futur II, das
2. noun
1) Zukunft, die

a man with a future — ein Mann mit Zukunft

in future — in Zukunft; künftig

see somebody in the near future — jemanden demnächst sehen

there's no future in it — das hat keine Zukunft

2) (Ling.) Futur, das; Zukunft, die

* * *
['fju: ə] 1. noun
1) ((what is going to happen in) the time to come: He was afraid of what the future might bring; ( also adjective) his future wife.) die Zukunft,(zu-)künftig

2) ((a verb in) the future tense.) die Zukunft
2. adjective
((of a tense of a verb) indicating an action which will take place at a later time.) zukünftig

- academic.ru/116813/in_future">in future

* * *

fu·ture

[ˈfju:tʃəʳ, AM -ɚ]

I. n usu sing

1. (in time) Zukunft f

nobody knows what the \future holds niemand weiß, was die Zukunft bringt

to have plans for the \future Zukunftspläne haben [o geh hegen]

at some point in the \future irgendwann einmal

to plan for the \future Pläne für die Zukunft machen, Zukunftspläne schmieden

▪ in [AM usu the] \future in Zukunft

in the [not too] distant/near \future in [nicht allzu] ferner/naher Zukunft

2. LING

\future tense Futur nt

to be in the \future tense im Futur stehen

3. (prospects) Zukunft f, Zukunftsaussichten pl

she has a great \future ahead of her sie hat eine große Zukunft vor sich

there's no \future for this company diese Firma hat keine Zukunft

there's no \future for me in this company in dieser Firma habe ich keine Aussichten

to not have much of a \future keine [guten] Zukunftsaussichten haben

to face an uncertain \future einer ungewissen Zukunft entgegengehen

II. adj attr, inv zukünftig, kommend, später

\future delivery ECON Terminlieferung f

for \future delivery für [o auf] zukünftige Lieferung

\future generations kommende Generationen

\future husband zukünftiger Ehemann

in a \future life in einem Leben nach dem Tod

for \future reference zur späteren Verwendung

* * *
['fjuːtʃə(r)]
1. n

1) Zukunft f

we will have to see what the future holds —

they look to the future with a certain anxiety — sie blicken mit einer gewissen Angst in die Zukunft

in future — in Zukunft

it won't happen in the foreseeable/near future — es wird in absehbarer/nächster Zeit nicht passieren

the strikes will continue into the foreseeable future — die Streiks werden auf absehbare Zeit anhalten

in the distant/not too distant future — in ferner/nicht allzu ferner Zukunft

that is still very much in the future — das liegt noch in weiter Ferne

what plans do you have for the future? — was für Zukunftspläne haben Sie?

there is a sound future in publishing — das Verlagswesen hat eine sichere Zukunft

to have a/any future — eine Zukunft haben

no one had any faith in its future — niemand glaubte daran, dass es eine Zukunft hatte

there is a real future for me with this firm —

her future lies or is in politics there's no future in this type of research — ihre Zukunft liegt in der Politik diese Art von Forschung hat keine Zukunft

2) (GRAM)

the future — das Futur, die Zukunft

3) (ST EX)pl Termingeschäfte pl

coffee futures — Terminkontrakte pl in Kaffee

commodity/financial futures — Waren-/Finanzterminkontrakte pl

futures market — Terminmarkt m, Terminbörse f

2. adj attr

1) generations, husband, wife, king, queen, role (zu)künftig

at a or some future date — zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt

his future prospects/plans — seine Aussichten/Pläne für die Zukunft, seine Zukunftsaussichten/-pläne

in future years — in den kommenden Jahren

for future reference,... — zu Ihrer Information,...

you can keep it for future reference — Sie können es behalten, um später darauf Bezug zu nehmen

future life — Leben nt nach dem Tod

2) (GRAM)

the future tense — das Futur, die Zukunft

the future perfect — die vollendete Zukunft

* * *

future [ˈfjuːtʃə(r)]

A s

1. Zukunft f:

in (the) future in Zukunft, künftig, von jetzt ab oder an;

for the future für die Zukunft, künftig;

it’s all in the future das ist alles noch Zukunftsmusik;

there is no future in it es hat keine Zukunft;

have a great future (ahead of one) eine große Zukunft haben;

think of the future an die Zukunft oder an später denken

2. LING Futur n, Zukunft f

3. pl WIRTSCH

a) Termingeschäfte pl

b) Terminwaren pl:

futures contract Terminvertrag m

B adj

1. (zu)künftig, Zukunfts…: → reference A 8

2. LING futurisch

3. WIRTSCH Termin…:

future delivery

fut. abk future

* * *
1. adjective
1) [zu]künftig

at some future date — zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt

2) (Ling.) futurisch

future tense — Futur, das; Zukunft, die

future perfect — Futur II, das
2. noun
1) Zukunft, die

a man with a future — ein Mann mit Zukunft

in future — in Zukunft; künftig

see somebody in the near future — jemanden demnächst sehen

there's no future in it — das hat keine Zukunft

2) (Ling.) Futur, das; Zukunft, die

* * *

adj.

künftig adj.

zukünftig adj. n.

Zukunft f.

English-german dictionary > future
7 reference

noun

1) (allusion) Hinweis, der (to auf + Akk.)

make [several] reference[s] to something — sich [mehrfach] auf etwas (Akk.) beziehen

make no reference to something — etwas nicht ansprechen

2) (note directing reader) Verweis, der (to auf + Akk.)

3) (cited book, passage) Quellenangabe, die

4) (testimonial) Zeugnis, das; Referenz, die

character reference — persönliche Referenzen

give somebody a good reference — jemandem ein gutes Zeugnis ausstellen

5) (person willing to testify) Referenz, die

quote somebody as one's reference — jemanden als Referenz angeben

6) (act of referring) Konsultation, die (to Gen.) (geh.)

reference to a dictionary/map — Nachschlagen in einem Wörterbuch/Nachsehen auf einer Karte

work of reference — Nachschlagewerk, das

* * *

['refərəns]

noun

1) ((an) act of referring (to something); a mention( of something): He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.) der Verweis

2) (a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job: Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers.) die Referenz

3) (an indication in a book, report etc, showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found.) der Hinweis

* * *

ref·er·ence

[ˈref^ər^ən(t)s]

I. n

1. (to an authority) Rücksprache f; (to a book, article) Verweis m

I cut out the article for future \reference ich schnitt den Artikel heraus, um ihn später verwenden zu können

to make \reference to sb mit jdm Rücksprache halten

to make \reference to sth etw erwähnen

2. (responsibility)

terms of \reference Aufgabenbereich m, Zuständigkeiten pl

3. (allusion) indirect Anspielung f; direct Bemerkung f; (direct mention) Erwähnung f, Bezugnahme f

with \reference to what was said at the last meeting,... mit Bezug [o unter Bezugnahme] auf das bei der letzten Sitzung Gesagte,...

with particular \reference to sth unter besonderer Berücksichtigung einer S. gen

to make a \reference to sb/sth auf jdn/etw anspielen

to make a passing \reference to sb/sth nebenbei auf jdn/etw zu sprechen kommen, jdn/etw nebenbei erwähnen

in [or with] \reference to sb/sth mit Bezug [o Bezug nehmend] auf jdn/etw

I am writing to you in \reference to your letter of March 15 mit diesem Schreiben nehme ich Bezug auf Ihren Brief vom 15. März

4. (citation) Verweis m

list of \references Anhang m, Glossar nt

\reference mark Verweiszeichen nt; (information) Hinweis m

for future \reference [als Hinweis] für die Zukunft

for future \reference please note that we do need your account number für die Zukunft bitten wir Sie, zur Kenntnis zu nehmen, dass wir Ihre Kontonummer benötigen

5. (in correspondence) Aktenzeichen nt

to use [or quote] \reference das Aktenzeichen angeben

6. (in library) Ansicht f

the books in that section of the library are for \reference only die Bücher in diesem Teil der Bibliothek sind nur zum Nachschlagen gedacht

7. (recommendation) Empfehlungsschreiben nt, [Arbeits]zeugnis nt, Referenz f geh

to have bad/good \references schlechte/gute Referenzen haben

to ask a company for trade/bank \references ein Unternehmen um Handelsauskünfte/Bankreferenzen ersuchen

to write sb a glowing \reference jdm ein glänzendes Zeugnis ausstellen

letter of \reference Zeugnis nt, Referenz f

to give sb a \reference jdm eine Referenz [o ein Zeugnis] ausstellen

to take up \references Referenzen einholen

8. COMPUT (starting point value) Bezugspunkt m

9. LAW (person) Referenz f; (passing of problem) Vorlage einer Frage an einen Schiedsrichter oder Sachverständigen

II. vt

▪ to \reference sth

1. (allude to) auf etw akk anspielen

2. COMPUT auf etw akk zugreifen

* * *
['refrəns]
n

1) (= act of mentioning) Erwähnung f (to sb/sth jds/einer Sache); (= allusion, direct) Bemerkung f (to über +acc); (indirect) Anspielung f (to auf +acc)

to make (a) reference to sth —

reference to any such delicate issue should be avoided — eine so delikate Sache sollte nicht erwähnt werden

this was not said with reference to you — diese Worte waren nicht auf dich gemünzt

in or with reference to — was... anbetrifft; (Comm) bezüglich (+gen)

reference your letter... (Comm) — mit Bezug auf Ihren Brief...

without reference to age — ungeachtet des Alters

without reference to one's notes — ohne seine Aufzeichnungen zu Hilfe zu nehmen

keep these details for (future) reference — bewahren Sie diese Einzelheiten als Beleg (für später) auf

2) no pl (= act of passing of matter, problem) Weiterleitung f (to an +acc); (of decision) Übergabe f (to an +acc)

3) (= testimonial also references) Referenz(en) f(pl), Zeugnis nt

to give sb a good reference — jdm gute Referenzen or ein gutes Zeugnis ausstellen

a banker's reference —

I've been asked to give him a reference — man hat mich gebeten, ihm eine Referenz zu geben

4) (= note redirecting reader in book, on map etc) Verweis m; (COMM) Zeichen nt

reference mark or sign (Typ) — Verweiszeichen nt

See:

→ cross-reference

5)

(= connection) to have reference to —

this has no/little reference to — das steht in keiner/in kaum einer Beziehung zu

6) (= authority, scope of committee, tribunal) Zuständigkeitsbereich m → academic.ru/74139/term">term

See:

→ term

7)

See:

= referee

8) (COMPUT) Referenz f

* * *

reference [ˈrefrəns; US auch ˈrefərns]

A s

1. Verweis(ung) m(f), Hinweis m ( beide:

to auf akk):

(list of) references

a) Liste f der Verweise,

b) Quellenangabe(n) f(pl), Literaturverzeichnis n;

mark of reference → A 2 a, A 4

2. a) Verweiszeichen n

b) Verweisstelle f

c) Beleg m, Unterlage f

d) Stichwort n (in einem Wörterbuch etc)

3. Bezugnahme f (to auf akk):

in ( oder with) reference to bezüglich (gen), mit oder unter Bezugnahme auf;

have reference to sich beziehen auf (akk);

terms pl of reference

a) Rahmen m (eines Abkommens etc),

b) Aufgabenbereich m (eines Ausschusses etc)

4. auch reference number Akten-, Geschäftszeichen n

5. (to) Anspielung f (auf akk), Erwähnung f (gen):

make reference to sth etwas erwähnen, auf etwas anspielen;

in a clear reference to in deutlicher Anspielung auf

6. (to) Zusammenhang m (mit), Beziehung f (zu):

have no reference to nichts zu tun haben mit;

with reference to him was ihn betrifft

7. Berücksichtigung f (to gen)

8. (to) Nachschlagen n, -sehen n (in dat), Befragen n, Konsultieren n (gen):

book ( oder work) of reference, reference book ( oder work) Nachschlagewerk n;

reference library

a) Nachschlagebibliothek f,

b) (öffentliche) Handbibliothek f;

for future reference

a) zur späteren Verwendung,

b) merk dir das in Zukunft

9. (to) Befragung f (gen), Rückfrage f (bei)

10. JUR Überweisung f (einer Sache) (to an ein Schiedsgericht etc)

11. Zuständigkeit(sbereich) f(m):

this is outside our reference

12. a) Referenz(en) f(pl), Empfehlung(en) f(pl):

for reference please apply to um Referenzen wenden Sie sich bitte an (akk);

may I use your name as a reference? darf ich mich auf Sie berufen?

b) allg Zeugnis n:

he had excellent references

c) Referenz f (Auskunftgeber):

give references Referenzen angeben;

act as a reference for sb jemandem als Referenz dienen

B v/t Verweise anbringen in einem Buch

C adj

1. besonders TECH Bezugs…:

reference frequency;

reference line

a) MATH Bezugslinie f,

b) Radar: Basislinie f;

reference value Bezugs-, Richtwert m

2. PSYCH Bezugs…:

reference group

ref. abk

1. referee

2. reference

3. reformed reform.

* * *

noun

1) (allusion) Hinweis, der (to auf + Akk.)

make [several] reference[s] to something — sich [mehrfach] auf etwas (Akk.) beziehen

make no reference to something — etwas nicht ansprechen

2) (note directing reader) Verweis, der (to auf + Akk.)

3) (cited book, passage) Quellenangabe, die

4) (testimonial) Zeugnis, das; Referenz, die

character reference — persönliche Referenzen

give somebody a good reference — jemandem ein gutes Zeugnis ausstellen

5) (person willing to testify) Referenz, die

quote somebody as one's reference — jemanden als Referenz angeben

6) (act of referring) Konsultation, die (to Gen.) (geh.)

reference to a dictionary/map — Nachschlagen in einem Wörterbuch/Nachsehen auf einer Karte

work of reference — Nachschlagewerk, das

* * *

n.

Belegstelle -n f.

Bezug ¨-e m.

Bezugnahme f.

Empfehlung f.

Hinweis -e m.

Literaturangabe f.

Referenz -en f.

Verweis -e m.

Verweisung f.

English-german dictionary > reference
8 reference

ref·er·ence [ʼref^ərən(t)s] n

1) ( to an authority) Rücksprache f; (to a book, article) Verweis m;

I cut out the article for future \reference ich schnitt den Artikel heraus, um ihn später verwenden zu können;

to make \reference to sb mit jdm Rücksprache halten;

to make \reference to sth etw erwähnen

2) ( responsibility)

terms of \reference Aufgabenbereich m, Zuständigkeiten fpl

3) ( allusion) indirect Anspielung f; direct Bemerkung f; ( direct mention) Erwähnung f, Bezugnahme f;

with \reference to what was said at the last meeting,... mit Bezug [o unter Bezugnahme] auf das Gesagte bei der letzten Sitzung,...;

with particular \reference to sth unter besonderer Berücksichtigung einer S. gen;

to make a \reference to sb/ sth auf jdn/etw anspielen;

to make a passing \reference to sb/ sth nebenbei auf jdn/etw zu sprechen kommen, jdn/etw nebenbei erwähnen;

in [or with] \reference to sb/ sth mit Bezug [o Bezug nehmend] auf jdn/etw;

I am writing to you in \reference to your letter of March 15 mit diesem Schreiben nehme ich Bezug auf Ihren Brief vom 15. März

4) ( citation) Verweis m;

list of \references Anhang m, Glossar nt; ( information) Hinweis m;

for future \reference [als Hinweis] für die Zukunft;

for future \reference please note that we do need your account number für die Zukunft bitten wir Sie, zur Kenntnis zu nehmen, dass wir Ihre Kontonummer benötigen

5) ( in correspondence) Aktenzeichen nt;

to use [or quote] \reference das Aktenzeichen angeben

6) ( in library) Ansicht f;

the books in that section of the library are for \reference only die Bücher in diesem Teil der Bibliothek sind nur zum Nachschlagen gedacht

7) ( recommendation) Empfehlungsschreiben nt, [Arbeits]zeugnis nt, Referenz f ( geh)

to have bad/good \references schlechte/gute Referenzen haben;

to write sb a glowing \reference jdm ein glänzendes [Arbeits]zeugnis ausstellen;

to give sb a \reference jdm eine Referenz [o ein [Arbeits]zeugnis] ausstellen;

to take up \references Referenzen einholen vt

to \reference sth auf etw akk anspielen

English-German students dictionary > reference
9 reference

I ['refərəns]
nome

1) (allusion) riferimento m., allusione f.

to make reference to — fare riferimento a, menzionare

2) (consultation)

to do sth. without reference to sb., sth. — fare qcs. senza consultare qcn., qcs.

"for reference only" — (on library book) "solo per consultazione"

for future reference, dogs are not allowed — per il futuro, è vietato l'ingresso ai cani

for easy reference,... — per una consultazione più facile,...

without reference to — senza tenere conto di [statistics, needs]

3) (anche reference mark) segno m. di rinvio, rimando m.

4) comm. (on letter, memo) riferimento m.

please quote this reference — si prega di fare riferimento alla presente

5) (referee) referenza f.

6) ling. riferimento m.

7) geogr.

map references — coordinate

8) with reference to in riferimento a

with reference to your letter, request — in riferimento alla vostra lettera, richiesta
II ['refərəns]
verbo transitivo fornire le fonti di [book, article]

the book is not well referenced — il libro non ha una buona bibliografia

* * *

['refərəns]

noun

1) ((an) act of referring (to something); a mention (of something): He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.) riferimento

2) (a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job: Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers.) referenze

3) (an indication in a book, report etc, showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found.) rimando, rinvio

* * *
I ['refərəns]
nome

1) (allusion) riferimento m., allusione f.

to make reference to — fare riferimento a, menzionare

2) (consultation)

to do sth. without reference to sb., sth. — fare qcs. senza consultare qcn., qcs.

"for reference only" — (on library book) "solo per consultazione"

for future reference, dogs are not allowed — per il futuro, è vietato l'ingresso ai cani

for easy reference,... — per una consultazione più facile,...

without reference to — senza tenere conto di [statistics, needs]

3) (anche reference mark) segno m. di rinvio, rimando m.

4) comm. (on letter, memo) riferimento m.

please quote this reference — si prega di fare riferimento alla presente

5) (referee) referenza f.

6) ling. riferimento m.

7) geogr.

map references — coordinate

8) with reference to in riferimento a

with reference to your letter, request — in riferimento alla vostra lettera, richiesta
II ['refərəns]
verbo transitivo fornire le fonti di [book, article]

the book is not well referenced — il libro non ha una buona bibliografia

English-Italian dictionary > reference
10 future

'fju: ə
1. noun
1) ((what is going to happen in) the time to come: He was afraid of what the future might bring; (also adjective) his future wife.) futuro

2) ((a verb in) the future tense.) futuro

2. adjective
((of a tense of a verb) indicating an action which will take place at a later time.) futuro

- in future

future n futuro

we'll go to the moon in the future iremos a la luna en el futuro

in future de ahora en adelante

be more careful in future ten más cuidado de ahora en adelante

future

tr['fjʊːʧə^SMALLr/SMALL]

adjective

1 futuro,-a

■ my future husband mi futuro marido

■ we arranged to meet at some future time quedamos para vernos en un futuro

noun

1 futuro, porvenir nombre masculino

■ the future is promising el futuro es prometedor

■ who knows what the future holds? ¿quién sabe lo que tiene reservado el futuro?

■ it's a good idea to save for the future es buena idea ahorrar para el futuro

■ my job has no future mi trabajo no tiene porvenir

2 (verb tense) futuro

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in future en el futuro, de aquí en adelante

in the future en el futuro

in the distant future en un futuro lejano

in the near future en un futuro próximo

in the not too distant future en un futuro no muy lejano

future ['fju:ʧər] adj

: futuro

future n

: futuro m

future

adj.

• anticipado, -a adj.

• futuro, -a adj.

• venidero, -a adj.

n.

• futuro s.m.

• porvenir s.m.

I 'fjuːtʃər, 'fjuːtʃə(r)
noun

1) ( time ahead)

the future — el futuro

in the future — en el futuro

in the near/distant future — en un futuro próximo/lejano

in the not too distant future — en un futuro no muy lejano

in future — de ahora en adelante

2) c u ( prospects) futuro m, porvenir m

a job with a future — un trabajo con futuro

3) ( Ling) futuro m

4) futures pl ( Fin) futuros mpl

II

adjective (before n)

a) <husband/home> futuro

b) ( Ling)

the future tense — el futuro

['fjuːtʃǝ(r)]
1. ADJ

1) [husband, generations] futuro; [plans] para el futuro

at some future date or time — en un futuro

his future prospects are bleak — sus perspectivas de futuro no son nada halagüeñas

in future years — en los años venideros
reference
2) (Gram)

the future perfect — el futuro perfecto

the future tense — el futuro

2. N

1) futuro m

who knows what the future holds? — ¿quién sabe lo que nos depara el futuro?

they see schoolchildren as their customers of the future — ven a los niños en edad escolar como sus clientes del futuro

we must look to the future — tenemos que mirar al futuro

in future — de ahora en adelante

in the future — en el futuro

in the near future — en un futuro próximo or cercano

in the not too distant future — en un futuro no muy lejano

2) (=prospects) futuro m, porvenir m

her future is assured — tiene el futuro or el porvenir asegurado

he believes his future lies in comedy — piensa que su futuro or su porvenir está en la comedia

there's no future in it — no tiene futuro

3) (Gram) futuro m

in the future — en futuro

4) futures (Econ) futuros mpl

3.

CPD

the futures market N — (Econ) el mercado de futuros

* * *

I ['fjuːtʃər, 'fjuːtʃə(r)]
noun

1) ( time ahead)

the future — el futuro

in the future — en el futuro

in the near/distant future — en un futuro próximo/lejano

in the not too distant future — en un futuro no muy lejano

in future — de ahora en adelante

2) c u ( prospects) futuro m, porvenir m

a job with a future — un trabajo con futuro

3) ( Ling) futuro m

4) futures pl ( Fin) futuros mpl

II

adjective (before n)

a) <husband/home> futuro

b) ( Ling)

the future tense — el futuro

English-spanish dictionary > future
11 official report of the Olympic Games
1. официальный отчет об Олимпийских играх
официальный отчет об Олимпийских играх
Официальный отчет об Олимпийских играх изначально создавался с целью запечатлеть и задокументировать удивительное празднование Олимпийских игр в каждом уникальном городе-организаторе. В связи с тем что масштабы игр увеличились и возросла их значимость, официальный отчет стал публикацией, целью которой является не только запечатлеть и задокументировать важные исторические события Олимпийских игр, но и публикацией, которая является ключевым руководством для будущего ОКОИ по вопросам планирования организации будущих Игр. В результате развития программы УЗОИ официальный отчет стал более полным и завершенным, с многочисленными результатами, которые охватывают различные области:
• детальный обзор заявочного процесса;
• памятная книга, подчеркивающая своеобразие и волнительность празднования Игр;
• информация о планирования и деятельности по организации Игр;
• обзор глобального влияния Игр на город-организатор, страну-организатор и мир;
• короткий фильм, в котором рассказывается история Игр.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

official report of the Olympic Games
Official report of the Olympic Games was originally intended to capture and document the extraordinary celebration of the Olympic Games in each unique host city. As the Games grew in size and importance, the official report became a publication that not only captured and documented the important historical events of an Olympic Games, but also became a key tool for future OCOGs to reference in the planning stages of the organization of future Games.the context of a developed OGKM program, the official report of the Games is now fuller and more complete, with a multiple set of deliverables which cover the following areas:
• a detailed view of the bidding process
• a commemorative book highlighting the color and excitement of the celebration of the Games
• information on the planning and operational aspects of the Games
• an overview of the global impact of the Games on the Host City, country and the world
• a short film which summarizes the story of the Games.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики
- спорт (управление Играми)
EN
- official report of the Olympic Games
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > official report of the Olympic Games
12 tell

1. transitive verb,
told

1) (make known) sagen [Name, Adresse, Alter]; (give account of) erzählen [Neuigkeit, Sorgen]; anvertrauen [Geheimnis]

tell somebody something or something to somebody — jemandem etwas sagen/erzählen/anvertrauen

tell somebody the way to the station — jemandem den Weg zum Bahnhof beschreiben

tell somebody the time — jemandem sagen, wie spät es ist; jemandem die Uhrzeit sagen

tell all — auspacken (ugs.)

tell somebody [something] about somebody/something — jemandem [etwas] von jemandem/etwas erzählen

tell somebody nothing/all about what happened — jemandem nichts davon/alles erzählen, was passiert ist

will you tell him [that] I will come? — sag ihm bitte, dass ich kommen werde

they tell me/us [that]... — (according to them) man sagt, dass...

I'll tell you what I'll do — weißt du, was ich machen werde?

tell everyone/(coll.) the world [that/how etc.] — jedem/(ugs.) aller Welt erzählen[, dass/wie usw.]

I cannot tell you how... — (cannot express how...) ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie...

I couldn't tell you — (I don't know) das kann ich nicht sagen

I can tell you,... — (I can assure you) ich kann dir sagen,...

..., I can tell you —..., das kann ich dir sagen

you can't tell me [that]... — (it can't be true that...) du kannst mir doch nicht erzählen, dass...

you can't tell him anything — (he won't accept advice) er lässt sich (Dat.) ja nichts sagen; (he is well-informed) ihm kannst du nichts erzählen

let me tell you — (let me assure you)..., das kann ich dir sagen

let me tell you that... — ich kann dir versichern, dass...

..., I tell you or I'm telling you —..., das sage ich dir

you're telling me! — (coll.) wem sagst du das! (ugs.)

I don't need to tell you [that]... — ich brauche dir wohl nicht extra zu sagen, dass...

be told something by somebody — etwas von jemandem erfahren

I was told that... — mir wurde gesagt, dass...

so I've been told — (I know that) [das] habe ich schon gehört

... or so I've been/I'm told —..., wie ich gehört habe/höre

no, don't tell me, let me guess — [nein,] sag's nicht, lass mich raten

don't tell me [that]... — (expressing incredulity, dismay, etc.) jetzt sag bloß nicht, [dass]...

you aren't trying or don't mean to tell me [that]...? — du wirst doch nicht sagen wollen, dass...?

2) (relate, lit. or fig.) erzählen

something tells its own story or tale — (needs no comment) etwas spricht für sich selbst

tell a different story or tale — (reveal the truth) eine andere Sprache sprechen (fig.)

live or survive to tell the tale — überleben

tell tales [about somebody] — (gossip; reveal secret) [über jemanden] tratschen (ugs. abwertend)

tell tales [to somebody] — (report) andere/einen anderen [bei jemandem] anschwärzen; [bei jemandem] petzen (Schülerspr. abwertend)

tell tales — (lie) Lügengeschichten erzählen

3) (instruct) sagen

tell somebody [not] to do something — jemandem sagen, dass er etwas [nicht] tun soll; jemandem sagen, er soll[e] etwas [nicht] tun

tell somebody what to do — jemandem sagen, was er tun soll

do as or what I tell you — tu, was ich dir sage

do as you are told — tu, was man dir sagt

4) (determine) feststellen; (see, recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat.); (with reference to the future) [vorher]sagen

tell the difference [between...] — den Unterschied [zwischen...] erkennen od. feststellen

it's impossible/difficult to tell [if/what — etc.] es ist unmöglich/schwer zu sagen[, ob/was usw.]

it's easy to tell whether... — es lässt sich leicht sagen, ob...

you never can tell how/what — etc. man weiß nie, wie/was usw.

5) (distinguish) unterscheiden

6) (utter) sagen

7)

all told — insgesamt
2. intransitive verb,
told

1) (determine)

how can you tell? — wie kann man das feststellen od. wissen?

it's difficult or hard to tell — das ist schwer zu sagen

how can one tell?, how can or do you tell? — woran kann man das erkennen?

as far as one/I can tell,... — wie es aussieht,...

you never can tell — man kann nie wissen

who can tell? — wer kann das sagen od. will das wissen?

2) (give information) erzählen (of, about von); (give evidence)

tell of something — von etwas Zeugnis geben od. ablegen

3) (reveal secret) es verraten

time [alone] will tell — das wird sich [erst noch] zeigen

4) (produce an effect) sich auswirken; [Wort, Fausthieb, Schuss:] sitzen

tell in favour of somebody or in somebody's favour — sich zu jemandes Gunsten auswirken

tell against somebody/something — sich nachteilig für jemanden/auf etwas (Akk.) auswirken

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/112844/tell_apart">tell apart

- tell off

- tell on

* * *
[tel]
verb

1) (to inform or give information to (a person) about (something): He told the whole story to John; He told John about it.) erzählen

2) (to order or command; to suggest or warn: I told him to go away.) befehlen

3) (to say or express in words: to tell lies / the truth / a story.) sagen

4) (to distinguish; to see (a difference); to know or decide: Can you tell the difference between them?; I can't tell one from the other; You can tell if the meat is cooked by/from the colour.) unterscheiden

5) (to give away a secret: You mustn't tell or we'll get into trouble.) verraten

6) (to be effective; to be seen to give (good) results: Good teaching will always tell.) sich auswirken

•

- teller
- telling
- tellingly
- telltale
- I told you so
- tell off
- tell on
- tell tales
- tell the time
- there's no telling
- you never can tell
* * *

tell

[tel]

I. vt

<told, told>

1. (say, communicate)

▪ to \tell sth etw sagen

to \tell a lie lügen

to \tell the truth die Wahrheit sagen

to \tell it like it is ( fam) es [ganz] offen sagen

▪ to \tell sb sth jdm etw sagen; (relate, explain) jdm etw erzählen

to \tell [you] the truth... ehrlich gesagt...

can you \tell me the way to the station? können Sie mir sagen, wie ich zum Bahnhof komme?

“I'm leaving you”, she told him „ich verlasse dich“, sagte sie [zu ihm]

don't \tell me! I want it to be a surprise sag es mir nicht! es soll eine Überraschung sein

to \tell sb a secret (confide) jdm ein Geheimnis anvertrauen; (give away) jdm ein Geheimnis verraten

▪ to \tell sb that... jdm sagen, dass...; (relate also) jdm erzählen, dass

did you \tell anyone [that] you were coming to see me? hast du irgendjemandem erzählt [o gesagt], dass du mich besuchen wolltest?

2. (assure)

▪ to \tell sb sth jdm etw sagen

what did I \tell you? ( fam) das hab' ich doch gleich gesagt! fam

didn't I \tell you? habe ich es dir nicht gleich gesagt?

I told you so ( fam) ich habe es [dir] ja gleich gesagt

you're \telling me! ( fam) wem sagst du das!

I won't go, I \tell you! ich sage [o versichere] dir, ich werde nicht gehen!

the suitcase was heavy, I can \tell you ( fam) ich kann dir sagen, der Koffer war vielleicht schwer!

let me \tell you [that] it wasn't easy lass dir von mir gesagt sein [o ich kann dir sagen], es war nicht leicht!

I cannot \tell you how much I love you! ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie sehr ich dich liebe!

3. (narrate, relate)

▪ to \tell sth etw erzählen

to \tell an anecdote eine Anekdote wiedergeben

to \tell a joke einen Witz erzählen

▪ to \tell sth to sb jdm etw erzählen

4. (give account)

▪ to \tell sb about [or ( form) of] sth/about sb jdm von etw/jdm erzählen

don't you want to \tell me about what happened? möchtest du mir nicht erzählen, was passiert ist?

she's told me a lot/everything about her time in Berlin sie hat mir viel/alles über ihre Zeit in Berlin erzählt

I am sure she's told you a lot about me ich bin sicher, sie hat dir schon viel über mich erzählt

5. (command, instruct)

▪ to \tell sb to do sth jdm sagen, dass er/sie etw tun soll

\tell him to leave me alone sag ihm, er soll mich in Ruhe lassen fam

I was told not to talk to strangers ich soll nicht mit Fremden reden

do as you're told! ( fam) mach, was man dir sagt! fam

I won't \tell you again - go to bed! ich sag's nicht noch mal - ab ins Bett!

he wouldn't be told er wollte sich nichts sagen lassen

6. (discern)

▪ to \tell sth/sb etw/jdn erkennen; (notice)

▪ to \tell sth etw [be]merken

▪ to \tell sth (know) etw wissen; (determine) etw feststellen

I could \tell [that] you were unhappy ich habe gemerkt, dass du unglücklich warst

I couldn't \tell much from her words ihren Worten war nicht viel zu entnehmen

it was too dark for me to \tell what it said on the sign in der Dunkelheit konnte ich nicht erkennen, was auf dem Schild stand

it's easy to \tell a non-native speaker einen Nichtmuttersprachler kann man leicht erkennen

it's easy to \tell a blackbird by [or from] its song es ist leicht, eine Amsel an ihrem Gesang zu erkennen

to \tell the difference einen Unterschied feststellen

to \tell sth by ear etw mit dem Gehör feststellen

to \tell the time die Uhr lesen

can your son \tell the time yet? kann dein Sohn schon die Uhr lesen?, kennt dein Sohn schon die Uhr?

▪ to \tell sth/sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden

to \tell right from wrong Recht und Unrecht unterscheiden

I cannot \tell what it is ich kann nicht mit Bestimmtheit sagen, was es ist

so [or as] far as I can \tell she's still in London soweit ich weiß, ist sie noch in London

how could I \tell [that]? woher [o wie] sollte ich das [denn] wissen?

he's Dutch — how can you \tell? er ist Holländer — woher willst du das wissen?

there is no \telling what the future will bring man weiß nie [o wer weiß schon], was die Zukunft bringt

who can \tell? wer weiß das schon?

you can never [or never can] \tell man kann nie wissen

to \tell fortunes wahrsagen

to \tell sb's fortune jds Zukunft vorhersagen

7. (count)

to \tell one's beads den Rosenkranz beten

to \tell the votes die Stimmen auszählen

8.

▶ \tell me another [one] ( fam) wer's glaubt, wird selig fam

▶ to \tell tales [out of school] aus dem Nähkästchen plaudern hum fam

II. vi

<told, told>

1. ( liter: give account, narrate)

▪ to \tell of sb/sth von jdm/etw erzählen

2. ( fig: indicate)

her face told of her anger aus ihrem Gesicht sprach Zorn

3. (inform)

▪ to \tell on sb jdn verraten [o sl verpetzen

4. (have an effect or impact) sich bemerkbar machen; blow, punch, word sitzen

the boxer made every punch \tell bei dem Boxer saß jeder Schlag

▪ to \tell on sb/sth erkennbare Auswirkungen auf jdn/etw haben

age has really told on him er ist ganz schön gealtert

you look tired, these exercises really told on you du siehst müde aus, diese Übungen haben dich sichtlich geschafft fam

all the stress began to \tell on my health der ganze Stress wirkte sich allmählich auf meine Gesundheit aus

5. BRIT ( form: reflect unfavourably on)

▪ to \tell against sb sich nachteilig für jdn auswirken

his reputation as a troublemaker told against him when they decided on who should be promoted sein Ruf als Unruhestifter sprach gegen ihn als es um die Entscheidung ging, wer befördert werden sollte

* * *
[tel] pret, ptp told
1. vt

1) (= relate) story, experiences, adventures erzählen (sb sth, sth to sb jdm etw acc); (= inform, say, announce) sagen (sb sth jdm etw acc)

to tell lies — lügen

to tell tales — petzen (inf)

to tell fortunes — wahrsagen

to tell sb's fortune — jdm wahrsagen, jdm die Zukunft deuten

to tell the future — wahrsagen, die Zukunft deuten

to tell sb a secret — jdm ein Geheimnis anvertrauen or (give away) verraten

to tell sb about or of sth — jdm von etw erzählen

I told my friend/boss about what had happened — ich erzählte meinem Freund/berichtete meinem Chef, was geschehen war

... or so I've been told —... so hat man es mir jedenfalls gesagt or erzählt

I can't tell you how pleased I am — ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, wie sehr ich mich freue

to tell sb the way — jdm den Weg sagen

could you tell me the way to the station, please? — könn(t)en Sir mir bitte sagen, wie ich zum Bahnhof komme?

don't let me have to tell you that again — ich will dir das nicht noch einmal sagen müssen

(I'll) tell you what, let's go to the cinema — weißt du was, gehen wir doch ins Kino!

don't tell me you can't come! — sagen Sie bloß nicht, dass Sie nicht kommen können!

I won't do it, I tell you! — und ich sage dir, das mache ich nicht!

let me tell you that... —

it was cold, I can tell you — ich kann dir sagen, das war vielleicht kalt!

I told you so — ich habe es (dir) ja gesagt

tell me another! — nicht möglich!, wers glaubt!

that tells me all I need to know — das sagt mir alles

that tells me a lot — das sagt mir allerlei

2) (= distinguish, discern) erkennen

to tell the time — die Uhr kennen

to tell the time by the sun — die Zeit an der Sonne ablesen

to tell the difference — den Unterschied sehen/fühlen/schmecken etc

you can tell that he's clever/getting worried —

we couldn't tell much from his letter — wir konnten aus seinem Brief nicht viel entnehmen

you can't tell whether it's moving — man kann nicht sagen or sehen, ob es sich bewegt

I couldn't tell if he had been in a fight or had just fallen — ich hätte nicht sagen können, ob er in einem Kampf verwickelt oder nur hingefallen war

it was impossible to tell where the bullet had entered — es war unmöglich festzustellen, wo die Kugel eingetreten war

to tell sb/sth by sth — jdn/etw an etw (dat) erkennen

I can't tell butter from margarine — ich kann Butter nicht von Margarine unterscheiden

to tell right from wrong — wissen, was Recht und Unrecht ist, Recht von Unrecht unterscheiden

See:

→ apart

3) (= know, be sure) wissen

how can I tell that? — wie soll ich das wissen?

how could I tell that? — wie hätte ich das wissen können?

how can I tell that he will do it? — wie kann ich sicher sein, dass er es tut?

4) (= order) sagen (sb jdm)

we were told to bring sandwiches with us — es wurde uns gesagt, dass wir belegte Brote mitbringen sollten

tell him to stop singing — sagen Sie ihm, er soll aufhören zu singen

don't you tell me what to do! —

I told you not to do that — ich habe dir doch gesagt, du sollst das nicht tun!

do as or what you are told! — tu, was man dir sagt!

5) (old

= count) to tell one's beads — den Rosenkranz beten

2. vi +indir obj
es sagen (+dat)
I won't tell you again — ich sage es dir nicht noch einmal

you know what? – don't tell me, let me guess — weißt du was? – sags mir nicht, lass mich raten

she wouldn't be told — sie hat sich (ja) nichts sagen lassen

you're telling me! — das kann man wohl sagen!, wem sagen Sie das!

3. vi

1) (= discern, be sure) wissen

as or so far as one can tell — soweit man weiß

who can tell? — wer weiß?

how will I be able to tell? — wie kann ich das erkennen or wissen?

no-one can/could tell — niemand kann/konnte das sagen, das weiß/wusste keiner

you never can tell, you can never tell — man kann nie wissen

2) (= talk, tell tales of) sprechen

his face told of his sorrow — aus seinem Gesicht sprach Kummer

that would be telling! — das kann ich nicht verraten

promise you won't tell — du musst versprechen, dass du nichts sagst

3) (= have effect) sich bemerkbar machen

his age told against him (in applying for job) (in competition) character always tells in the end — sein Alter war ein Nachteil für ihn sein Alter machte sich bemerkbar zum Schluss schlägt doch die Veranlagung durch

a boxer who makes every punch tell — ein Boxer, bei dem jeder Schlag sitzt

* * *

tell [tel] prät und pperf told [təʊld]

A v/t

1. jemandem etwas sagen, erzählen:

without telling anybody ohne es jemandem zu sagen;

you didn’t tell me das hast du mir gar nicht erzählt;

I’ll tell you later das erzähl ich dir später;

I (can) tell you that … ich kann Ihnen versichern, dass …;

I (just) can’t tell you how … ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, wie …;

I have been told mir ist gesagt worden;

you’re telling me! umg wem sagen Sie das?;

tell the world umg (es) hinausposaunen; → another 2, so¹ A 5 a

2. eine Geschichte etc erzählen

3. mitteilen, berichten, sagen, nennen:

tell one’s name seinen Namen nennen;

tell the reason den Grund angeben;

tell the time die Zeit anzeigen (Uhr);

all told insgesamt, zusammen; → lie¹ A, truth 1

4. mit Worten ausdrücken:

I cannot tell my grief

5. ein Geheimnis etc verraten

6. (mit Bestimmtheit) sagen:

it is difficult to tell es ist schwer zu sagen;

there is no telling what … es lässt sich nicht sagen, was …

7. erkennen (by, from an dat):

I cannot tell who that person is ich kann nicht feststellen oder sagen, wer diese Person ist;

tell by (the) ear mit dem Gehör feststellen, hören

8. unterscheiden ( one from the other eines vom andern):

tell apart, tell the difference between auseinanderhalten

9. sagen, befehlen:

tell sb to do sth jemandem sagen, er solle etwas tun;

do as you are told tu, was ich gesagt habe

10. (ab-)zählen:

tell the votes PARL die Stimmen zählen; → bead A 2

11. tell off

a) MIL abkommandieren ( for zu),

b) umg jemanden rüffeln ( for wegen; for doing sth weil er etwas getan hat)

B v/i

1. berichten, erzählen ( beide:

of von;

about über akk)

2. (of) ein Zeichen oder Beweis sein (für, von), beweisen (akk), verraten (akk)

3. erkennen, wissen:

how can you tell? wie können Sie das wissen oder sagen?;

you never can tell man kann nie wissen

4. umg petzen:

tell on sb jemanden verraten oder verpetzen;

don’t tell! nicht(s) verraten!

5. wirken, sich auswirken ( beide:

on bei, auf akk):

every blow (word) tells jeder Schlag (jedes Wort) sitzt;

the hard work began to tell on him die harte Arbeit hinterließ allmählich ihre Spuren bei ihm oder machte sich bei ihm bemerkbar;

his troubles have told on him seine Sorgen haben ihn sichtlich mitgenommen;

that tells against you das spricht gegen Sie

6. anschlagen (das Gewicht erhöhen) ( with bei)

7. sich (deutlich) abheben ( against gegen, von), (deutlich) hervortreten, zur Geltung kommen

* * *
1. transitive verb,
told

1) (make known) sagen [Name, Adresse, Alter]; (give account of) erzählen [Neuigkeit, Sorgen]; anvertrauen [Geheimnis]

tell somebody something or something to somebody — jemandem etwas sagen/erzählen/anvertrauen

tell somebody the way to the station — jemandem den Weg zum Bahnhof beschreiben

tell somebody the time — jemandem sagen, wie spät es ist; jemandem die Uhrzeit sagen

tell all — auspacken (ugs.)

tell somebody [something] about somebody/something — jemandem [etwas] von jemandem/etwas erzählen

tell somebody nothing/all about what happened — jemandem nichts davon/alles erzählen, was passiert ist

will you tell him [that] I will come? — sag ihm bitte, dass ich kommen werde

they tell me/us [that]... — (according to them) man sagt, dass...

I'll tell you what I'll do — weißt du, was ich machen werde?

tell everyone/(coll.) the world [that/how etc.] — jedem/(ugs.) aller Welt erzählen[, dass/wie usw.]

I cannot tell you how... — (cannot express how...) ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie...

I couldn't tell you — (I don't know) das kann ich nicht sagen

I can tell you,... — (I can assure you) ich kann dir sagen,...

..., I can tell you —..., das kann ich dir sagen

you can't tell me [that]... — (it can't be true that...) du kannst mir doch nicht erzählen, dass...

you can't tell him anything — (he won't accept advice) er lässt sich (Dat.) ja nichts sagen; (he is well-informed) ihm kannst du nichts erzählen

let me tell you — (let me assure you)..., das kann ich dir sagen

let me tell you that... — ich kann dir versichern, dass...

..., I tell you or I'm telling you —..., das sage ich dir

you're telling me! — (coll.) wem sagst du das! (ugs.)

I don't need to tell you [that]... — ich brauche dir wohl nicht extra zu sagen, dass...

be told something by somebody — etwas von jemandem erfahren

I was told that... — mir wurde gesagt, dass...

so I've been told — (I know that) [das] habe ich schon gehört

... or so I've been/I'm told —..., wie ich gehört habe/höre

no, don't tell me, let me guess — [nein,] sag's nicht, lass mich raten

don't tell me [that]... — (expressing incredulity, dismay, etc.) jetzt sag bloß nicht, [dass]...

you aren't trying or don't mean to tell me [that]...? — du wirst doch nicht sagen wollen, dass...?

2) (relate, lit. or fig.) erzählen

something tells its own story or tale — (needs no comment) etwas spricht für sich selbst

tell a different story or tale — (reveal the truth) eine andere Sprache sprechen (fig.)

live or survive to tell the tale — überleben

tell tales [about somebody] — (gossip; reveal secret) [über jemanden] tratschen (ugs. abwertend)

tell tales [to somebody] — (report) andere/einen anderen [bei jemandem] anschwärzen; [bei jemandem] petzen (Schülerspr. abwertend)

tell tales — (lie) Lügengeschichten erzählen

3) (instruct) sagen

tell somebody [not] to do something — jemandem sagen, dass er etwas [nicht] tun soll; jemandem sagen, er soll[e] etwas [nicht] tun

tell somebody what to do — jemandem sagen, was er tun soll

do as or what I tell you — tu, was ich dir sage

do as you are told — tu, was man dir sagt

4) (determine) feststellen; (see, recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat.); (with reference to the future) [vorher]sagen

tell the difference [between...] — den Unterschied [zwischen...] erkennen od. feststellen

it's impossible/difficult to tell [if/what — etc.] es ist unmöglich/schwer zu sagen[, ob/was usw.]

it's easy to tell whether... — es lässt sich leicht sagen, ob...

you never can tell how/what — etc. man weiß nie, wie/was usw.

5) (distinguish) unterscheiden

6) (utter) sagen

7)

all told — insgesamt
2. intransitive verb,
told

1) (determine)

how can you tell? — wie kann man das feststellen od. wissen?

it's difficult or hard to tell — das ist schwer zu sagen

how can one tell?, how can or do you tell? — woran kann man das erkennen?

as far as one/I can tell,... — wie es aussieht,...

you never can tell — man kann nie wissen

who can tell? — wer kann das sagen od. will das wissen?

2) (give information) erzählen (of, about von); (give evidence)

tell of something — von etwas Zeugnis geben od. ablegen

3) (reveal secret) es verraten

time [alone] will tell — das wird sich [erst noch] zeigen

4) (produce an effect) sich auswirken; [Wort, Fausthieb, Schuss:] sitzen

tell in favour of somebody or in somebody's favour — sich zu jemandes Gunsten auswirken

tell against somebody/something — sich nachteilig für jemanden/auf etwas (Akk.) auswirken

Phrasal Verbs:

- tell apart

- tell off

- tell on

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: told)

= berichten v.

erzählen v.

sagen v.

English-german dictionary > tell
13 resto

rē-sto, stĭti, 1 ( perf. subj. restaverit, Prop. 2, 34, 53), v. n.
I.
To stop behind, keep back, stand still (very rare and only poet., whereas resisto is class.).
A.
Lit.: si resto, pergit, ut eam: si ire conor, prohibet betere, Pac. ap. Non. 77, 25. —
B.
Trop.: impetus haut longe mediis regionibus restat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 285 Müll. (Ann. v. 475 Vahl.):
nullo dominae teritur molimine amator Restat et immerita sustinet aure minas,
stands firm, holds out, Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 18. —
II.
To withstand, resist, oppose (so less freq. than resisto, and not in Cic. or Cæs.).
A.
Of military resistance, to stand firm, hold out, not yield; constr. usually absol.; rarely with dat. or adversum: Illyrii restant sicis sibinisque fodantes, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 336 Müll. (Ann. v. 496 Vahl.): validam urbem multos dies restantem pugnando vicit, Sall. ap. Non. 526, 12 (id. H. 1, 75 Dietsch):
quia summā vi restare (milites) nunciabantur,
Liv. 4, 58 Drak.:
solā virtute militum restantes caeduntur caeduntque,
id. 6, 30; 32; 8, 39; 23, 45; 26, 3; 29, 2;
34, 14: dum restat Hector,
Prop. 3, 8, 31:
nunc in restantes mucronem comminus urget,
Sil. 10, 25.— Impers. pass.:
ut quā minimā vi restatur, eā parte irrumpat,
Liv. 34, 15. — With dat.:
paucis plures vix restatis,
Liv. 23, 45 fin.:
restando adversis,
Sil. 10, 125.—With adversum:
paulum morae attulere ferrati restantibus laminis adversum pila et gladios,
Tac. A. 3, 46.—
B.
Apart from milit. lang., in gen.:
nunc ratio nulla est restandi, nulla facultas, etc.,
Lucr. 1, 110:
is mihi, dum resto, juvenili guttura pugno Rupit,
Ov. M. 3, 626; 7, 411:
in quā re nunc tam confidenter restas, stulta?
oppose me, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 7; cf. Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 50. —Of things:
aera claustris restantia vociferantur,
Lucr. 2, 450:
restantia claustra,
Sil. 7, 130.—
III.
To be left, remain (syn. remaneo; the predominant signif. of the word;
most freq. in the third person): hujus generis reliquias Restare video,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 91:
ego conviviis delector nec cum aequalibus solum qui pauci jam admodum restant, sed cum vestrā etiam aetate,
Cic. Sen. 14, 46:
ego vivendo vici mea fata, superstes Restarem ut genitor,
Verg. A. 11, 161:
de bonis quod restat reliquiarum,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Cist. 1, 3, 40:
unam sibi spem reliquam in Etruscis restare,
Liv. 10, 16; Cic. Scaur. Fragm. 45, p. 268 Orell.:
quae (studia) sola ei in malis restiterunt,
id. Sull. 26, 74:
omnes composui. Felices! Nunc ego resto,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 28; Pers. 3, 97:
de viginti Restabam solus,
Ov. M. 3, 687:
jam labor exiguus Phoebo restabat,
id. ib. 6, 486:
duae restant noctes de mense secundo,
id. F. 2, 857:
si e nobis aliquid nisi umbra restat,
id. Am. 3, 9, 60:
jam duo restabant fata tum,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 35:
qui e divisione tripartitā duas partes absolverit, huic necesse est restare tertiam,
Cic. Off. 3, 2, 9:
infinitae caedi,
id. Cat. 3, 10: dona ferens pelago et flammis restantia Trojae, left, remaining from the sea, etc., Verg. A. 1, 679:
unum etiam restat amico nostro ad omne dedecus, ut, etc.,
id. Att. 8, 7:
hoc unum restabat, ut,
Ov. M. 2, 471; cf.:
illud etiam restiterat, ut, etc.,
Cic. Quint. 9, 33.— Impers.:
restat, ut aut summa neglegentia tibi obstiterit, aut, etc.,
Cic. Quint. 12, 41; so,
restat, ut,
id. N. D. 2, 16, 44; 17 init.; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 27 al.—With inf. (mostly poet.):
nec aliud restabat quam corrigere, etc.,
Liv. 44, 4, 8:
restabat aliud nihil, nisi oculos pascere,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 35; Ov. M. 1, 700; Stat. S. 4, 1, 40.—
2.
In partic., with reference to the future, to remain for, await one (rare and mostly poet.):
quid restat, nisi porro ut fiam miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 20:
placet (vobis) socios sic tractari, quod restat, ut per haec tempora tractatos videtis?
i. e. hereafter, for the future, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 208:
nudus humi jacet infans... ut aequom est, cui tantum in vitā restet transire malorum,
Lucr. 5, 227; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 27:
hoc Latio restare canunt,
Verg. A. 7, 270; Ov. F. 2, 749.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > resto
14 en relación con

= in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, for purposes of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with

Ex. Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.

Ex. Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.

Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex. It is easiest to discuss the criteria for effective schedules in relation to the treatment of specific subjects.

Ex. It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.

Ex. And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.

Ex. Indeed, the changes are so rapid and so diverse, our plans for the future must also include what is presently possible in the way of information dissemination.

Ex. Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.

Ex. It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.

Ex. The information note following the explanatory heading provides guidance to the user of the catalogue vis à vis the conventions used in formulating uniform headings.

Ex. General points have been illustrated with reference to the cataloguing of books.

Ex. KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.

Ex. After a few tangential remarks apropos of nothing, Carmichael left, a considerably less anxious person.

Ex. This article reviews the mission of the ALA's Committee on Accreditation (COA) and examines its role as it relates to the education of librarians qualified to work with children and young people.

Ex. The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.

Ex. This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.

Ex. Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.

Ex. This reawakening brought a determination to help make atomic energy a positive factor for humanity but things have gone from bad to worse re genuine disarmament.

Ex. In major enumerative schemes synthesis is often controlled by careful instructions regarding citation order.

Ex. Thus, self-presentation becomes a dynamic conception of people structuring their relations apropos to their life-space, rather than a theory of how to win friends and influence people.

Ex. We now know enough in reference to the prevention and cure of communicable diseases so that the average human life might be lengthened by a third.

Ex. Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.

Ex. This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.

* * *

= in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, for purposes of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with

Ex: Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.

Ex: Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.

Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex: It is easiest to discuss the criteria for effective schedules in relation to the treatment of specific subjects.

Ex: It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.

Ex: And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.

Ex: Indeed, the changes are so rapid and so diverse, our plans for the future must also include what is presently possible in the way of information dissemination.

Ex: Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.

Ex: It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.

Ex: The information note following the explanatory heading provides guidance to the user of the catalogue vis à vis the conventions used in formulating uniform headings.

Ex: General points have been illustrated with reference to the cataloguing of books.

Ex: KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.

Ex: After a few tangential remarks apropos of nothing, Carmichael left, a considerably less anxious person.

Ex: This article reviews the mission of the ALA's Committee on Accreditation (COA) and examines its role as it relates to the education of librarians qualified to work with children and young people.

Ex: The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.

Ex: This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.

Ex: Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.

Ex: This reawakening brought a determination to help make atomic energy a positive factor for humanity but things have gone from bad to worse re genuine disarmament.

Ex: In major enumerative schemes synthesis is often controlled by careful instructions regarding citation order.

Ex: Thus, self-presentation becomes a dynamic conception of people structuring their relations apropos to their life-space, rather than a theory of how to win friends and influence people.

Ex: We now know enough in reference to the prevention and cure of communicable diseases so that the average human life might be lengthened by a third.

Ex: Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.

Ex: This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.

Spanish-English dictionary > en relación con
15 mencionar

v.

to mention.

Ella nombra razones She names reasons.

* * *

mencionar

► verbo transitivo

1 to mention, cite

* * *

verb

to mention

* * *

VT to mention

sin mencionar... — not to mention..., let alone...

dejar de mencionar — to fail to mention

* * *

verbo transitivo to mention

el tema mencionado anteriormente — the aforementioned o abovementioned matter (frml)

no quiero oír mencionar ese nombre — I don't want to hear that name mentioned

* * *

= give, make + mention of, mention, name, note, quote, record, refer to, reference, touch on/upon, broach, bring + Nombre + up, speak to, make + reference to.

Ex. An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.

Ex. The LC cataloging made no mention of the fact that this book had been severely censored.

Ex. Some of these codes have been mentioned in chapter 4.

Ex. The author statement may, for example, name all of a string of authors, or just the first named.

Ex. In the future, a number of further developments can be fairly confidently predicted in addition to the expansion of those noted above.

Ex. Guidelines can be expected to discuss standard forms of quoting chemical nomenclature and mathematical expressions.

Ex. Editors and compilers of editions of works are recorded together with the edition statement in the edition area = En en área de edición se incluyen los editores y compiladores de las ediciones de trabajos junto con la mención de edición.

Ex. A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).

Ex. Only a single copy of the name, subject heading, etc., would be maintained in the system and referenced by every bibliographic record using that heading.

Ex. A cataloguing code also touches on the subject of bibliographic description.

Ex. Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.

Ex. The reason I didn't bring this up in my paper is that I've learned from bitter experience that it's well to be radical about one thing at a time.

Ex. Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.

Ex. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction by making reference to different types of asexual reproduction in plants and animals.

----

* ahora que lo menciono = speaking of which.

* mencionar de nuevo = restate [re-state].

* mencionar de nuevo innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].

* mencionar de pasada = make + passing mention.

* mencionarse = appear.

* mencionarse en conversación = come up + discussion.

* mencionar una cuestión = bring up + matter, bring up + point.

* mencionar una idea = bring up + idea.

* mencionar un problema = bring + problem up.

* mencionar un punto = touch on + a point.

* mencionar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, touch on + a point.

* no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.

* no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* (que se menciona) a continuación = below.

* sin mencionar = not to mention, not to say, not to speak of.

* * *

verbo transitivo to mention

el tema mencionado anteriormente — the aforementioned o abovementioned matter (frml)

no quiero oír mencionar ese nombre — I don't want to hear that name mentioned

* * *

= give, make + mention of, mention, name, note, quote, record, refer to, reference, touch on/upon, broach, bring + Nombre + up, speak to, make + reference to.

Ex: An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.

Ex: The LC cataloging made no mention of the fact that this book had been severely censored.

Ex: Some of these codes have been mentioned in chapter 4.

Ex: The author statement may, for example, name all of a string of authors, or just the first named.

Ex: In the future, a number of further developments can be fairly confidently predicted in addition to the expansion of those noted above.

Ex: Guidelines can be expected to discuss standard forms of quoting chemical nomenclature and mathematical expressions.

Ex: Editors and compilers of editions of works are recorded together with the edition statement in the edition area = En en área de edición se incluyen los editores y compiladores de las ediciones de trabajos junto con la mención de edición.

Ex: A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).

Ex: Only a single copy of the name, subject heading, etc., would be maintained in the system and referenced by every bibliographic record using that heading.

Ex: A cataloguing code also touches on the subject of bibliographic description.

Ex: Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.

Ex: The reason I didn't bring this up in my paper is that I've learned from bitter experience that it's well to be radical about one thing at a time.

Ex: Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.

Ex: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction by making reference to different types of asexual reproduction in plants and animals.

* ahora que lo menciono = speaking of which.

* mencionar de nuevo = restate [re-state].

* mencionar de nuevo innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].

* mencionar de pasada = make + passing mention.

* mencionarse = appear.

* mencionarse en conversación = come up + discussion.

* mencionar una cuestión = bring up + matter, bring up + point.

* mencionar una idea = bring up + idea.

* mencionar un problema = bring + problem up.

* mencionar un punto = touch on + a point.

* mencionar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, touch on + a point.

* no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.

* no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* (que se menciona) a continuación = below.

* sin mencionar = not to mention, not to say, not to speak of.

* * *

mencionar [A1 ]

vt

to mention

con referencia al tema mencionado anteriormente with reference to the aforementioned o abovementioned matter ( frml)

no quiero oír mencionar ese nombre I don't want to hear that name mentioned

* * *

mencionar ( conjugate mencionar) verbo transitivo
to mention;
◊ no quiero oír mencionar ese nombre I don't want to hear that name mentioned

mencionar verbo transitivo to mention ➣ Ver nota en mention

' mencionar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
citar
- comentar
- nombrar
- aludir
- omitir
- señor
- señorita
English:
mention
- name-dropping
- rake up
- touch
- touch on
- you-know-who
- broach
- name
- wrong

* * *

mencionar vt

to mention;

en el mencionado estudio se afirma que… in the above-mentioned study it is stated that…

* * *

mencionar

v/t mention

* * *

mencionar vt

: to mention, to refer to

* * *

mencionar vb to mention

Spanish-English dictionary > mencionar
16 ὁπότε

ὁπότε, [dialect] Ep. [full] ὁππότε, both in Hom. ; [dialect] Ion. [full] ὁκότε; Cyrenaic [full] ὁπόκᾰ Berl.Sitzb.1927.164 ; in [dialect] Dor. Poets [full] ὁππόκᾰ Theoc.5.98: Adv. of Time, correlat. to πότε, used much

A like ὅτε, exc. that the sense is less definite (cf. X.Cyr.1.6.3), though the two were freq. used without distinction:

I Relat., with the ind., mostly with reference to the past, when, Il.1.399,3.173, etc. ; the ind. ἦστε is omitted, 8.230 : in Class. [dialect] Att. Prose only ὅτε is so used, when referring to a particular time, but later ὁπότε returns, as ὁπότε περιῆν when she was alive, POxy.243.10(i A. D.): with the [tense] pres. in a simile, ὡς δ' ὁπότε.. ποταμὸς πεδίονδε κάτεισι Il.11.492
: with subj., like ὁπόταν, with reference to an indef. number of occasions in the [tense] pres. or to the future, ὁππότ' Ἀχαιοὶ Τρώων ἐκπέρσωσ' εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον 1.163
, cf.13.817, 21.112, Od.14.170, Hes.Th. 782 : sts. in similes, ὡς ὁπότε νέφεα Ζέφυρος στυφελίξῃ Il.11.305
, cf. Od.4.335 ; but ὁπότ' ἄν, [dialect] Ep. ὁπότε or ὁππότε κεν, is more common with subj., and in [dialect] Att. Prose ἄν must be used, v. ὁπόταν: Cyrenaic ὁπόκα κα δήληται Berl.Sitzb. l. c.

2 with opt.:

a to express an event that occurred often, ὁπότε Κρήτηθεν ἵκοιτο Il.3.233
, cf. 10.189, 15.284, Od.11.591, Th.1.99,2.15, Pl.Smp. 220a, X.An.3.4.28.

b after a verb of waiting, of a time future relatively to the past, ἷζε.. δέγμενος ὁππότε ναῦφιν ἀφορμηθεῖεν Il.2.794
, cf. 4.334,7.415,9.191,18.524.

c in orat. obliq., S.Tr. 824 (lyr.), X.An.4.6.20 ; in implied orat. obliq., Od.24.344 (of a past promise) ; ἀποδοτέον.. ὁ. μανεὶς ἀπαιτοῖ we were not [as you remember] to.., Pl.R. 332a.

d where the principal clause has an opt., μηδ' ἀντιάσειας ἐκείνῳ ὁππότε νοστήσειε Od.18.148
, cf. Pl.R. 396c, X.Cyr.1.6.3.

II in indirect questions, with ind., ἦ ῥά τι ἴδμεν.. ὁππότε Τηλέμαχος νεῖται; when he is to return, Od. 4.633 ;
εἰς ὁ.
by what time, Aeschin.3.99
: rarely after a past tense, προσεδέρκετο, δέγμενος αἰεί, ὁππότε δὴ.. ἐφήσει (for ἐφείη, v. supr. 1.2 b) Od.20.386 ; εἰς σὲ βλέψαι καὶ τὸν ταμίαν ὁπότ' ἄριστον παραθήσει Ar.V. 613
.

III ὁποτεοῦν
at any time whatever, Arist.Metaph. 1049a1
.

B in causal sense, because, since, with ind., Thgn.749 (s. v.l.), Hdt.2.125, Pl.Lg. 895c, etc. ; also ὁπότε γε S.OC 1699
(lyr.), X.Cyr. 8.3.7.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὁπότε
17 ἔωρτο

ἔωρτο,

A v. ἀείρω. [full] ἕως (A) ἡ, [dialect] Att. form of the [dialect] Ion. ἠώς (q. v.).

------------------------------------

ἕως (B), [dialect] Ep. [full] εἵως, [full] ἧος (v. sub fin.), [dialect] Dor. [full] ἇς, [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἆς (qq.v.), [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἇς IG7.3303, al., and [full] ἅως ib.2228, 3315.

A Relat. Particle, expressing the point of Time up to which an action goes, with reference to the end of the action, until, till; or to its continuance, while:

I until, till,

1 with Ind., of a fact in past time, θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, ἧος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν Il.11.342
, cf. Od.5.123; ἕ. ἀπώλεσέν τε καὐτὸς ἐξαπώλετο S.Fr. 236
, cf. A.Pers. 428, Pl.Chrm. 155c, etc.; for πρίν, μὴ πρότερον ἀπελθεῖν ἕως ἀποκατέστησε τὰ πράγματα D.S.27.4
: with [tense] impf. with ἄν in apodosi, of an unaccomplished action, ἡδέως ἂν Καλλικλεῖ διελεγόμην, ἕ. ἀπέδωκα I would have gone on conversing till I had.., Pl.Grg. 506b, cf.Cra. 396c.

2 ἕ. ἄν or κε with Subj. (mostly of [tense] aor.), of an event at an uncertain future time, μαχήσομαι.. ἧός κε τέλος πολέμοιο κιχείω till I find, Il.3.291, cf. 24.183, A.Pr. 810, etc.: ἄν is sts. omitted in Trag., ἕ. μάθῃς S.Aj. 555
; ἕ. κληθῇ Id.Tr. 148
; ἕ. ἀνῇ τὸ πῆμα Id.Ph. 764
: so freq. in later Gr., UPZ18.10 (ii B. C.), PGrenf. 2.38.16 (i B. C.), Ev.Marc.14.32, Vett. Val.68.18, etc.; ἕ. οὗ γένηται Gem.8.32
.

3 ἕ. with Opt. (mostly of [tense] aor.), relating to an event future in relation to past time, ὦρσε.. Βορέην, ἧος ὃ Φαιήκεσσι.. μιγείη caused it to blow, till he should reach.., Od.5.386, cf. 9.376, Ar.Ra. 766, Pl.Phd. 59d; ἕως δέοι βοηθεῖν Th.3.102
, cf.Lys.13.25: ἄν or κε is added to the Opt. (not to ἕως), if the event is represented as conditional, ἕ. κ' ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη till (if possible) all things should be given back, Od.2.78; οὐκ [ἂν] ἀποκρίναιο, ἕ. ἂν σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
, cf. S.Tr. 687 codd., Isoc.17.15, IG22.1328 (ii B.C.).

b in orat. obliq., ἔδωκεν.. ἕ. ἀνὴρ εἶναι δοκιμασθείην D.27.5
.

c by assimilation to an opt. with ἄν, [λόγον] ἂν διδοίης ἕ. ἔλθοις Pl.Phd. 101d
.

4 c. subj. or opt., expressing purpose, in order that, Od.4.800, 6.80, 19.367; πορεύου εἰς Διονυσιάδα.. ἕως τὸν ἐκεῖ ἐλαιῶνα ποτίσῃς PFay.118.12
(ii A. D.); σπούδασον ἕως οὗ ἀγοράσῃ κτλ. POxy.113.25 (ii A. D.); χρυσίον ἐδανισάμην ἕως ὅτε δυνηθῶ ἀγοράσαι ib.130.13 (vi A. D.).

5 with Inf. in orat. obliq., ἐντειλάμενος διεκπλέειν ἕ... ἀπικνέεσθαι Hdt.4.42
: otherwise only in later Gr., ἕ. ἐλθεῖν ἐς.. LXX Ge.10.19
, cf. PLond. 1.131r251 (i A. D.), D.H.9.4 (v.l.), Anon. ap. Suid.s.v. ἰλυσπώμενον.

6 with Advbs. of Time and Place, ἕ. ὅτε till the time when, c. ind., v.l. for ἔστε in X.Cyr.5.1.25; ἕ. οὗ, f.l. for ἐς οὗ, Hdt.2.143: freq. in later Gr., Gem.l.c., Ev.Matt.1.25, etc.; ἕ. ὅτου ib.5.25, etc.; ἕ. πότε; how long? ib.17.17, Ev.Jo.10.24; ἕ. τότε LXX Ne.2.16
; ἕ. ὀψέ till late, f.l.for ἐς ὀψέ, Th.3.108; ἕ. ἄρτι 1 Ep.Jo.2.9
; ἕ. ὧδε as far as this place, Ev.Luc.23.5.

b with Preps., of Time, ἕ. πρὸς καλὸν ἑῷον ἀστέρα AP5.200
; of Place, ἕ. εἰς τὸν χάρακα Plb.1.11.14
; ἕ. πρὸς τὸν Καύκασον D.S.2.43
; ἕ. ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Act.Ap.17.14
.

II as Prep.,

1 of Time, c. gen., until, ἕως τοῦ ἀποτεῖσαι until he has made payment, Lexap.Aeschin.1.42, cf. LXX Ge.3.19, etc.; ἕ. τελειώσεως Epicur.Ep. 2p.38U.
; ἕ. ὡρισμένων χρόνων Phld.D.1.7
; ἕ. τινός for a time, Parth. 9.2, etc.; ἕ. τοῦ νῦν Ev.Matt.24.21
; ἕ. Ἰωάννου ib.11.13.

b of Place,
ἕ. τοῦ γενέσθαι..
up to the point where.. Arist.PA 668b2
, cf. HA 630b27, Plb.9.36.1; as far as, ἕ. Σάρδεων Ath.Mitt.44.25
(Samos, iii B.C.); ἕ. τοῦ Ἀρσινοΐτου νομοῦ PTeb.33.5
(ii B.C.); ἕ. Φοινίκης Act.Ap.11.19
: so c. gen. pers., ἦλθον ἕ. αὐτοῦ Ev.Luc.4.42
, cf. LXX 4 Ki. 4.22.

c of Number or Degree, ἕ. τριῶν πλοίων Docum. ap. D.18.106; διδόναι ἕ. ταλάντων ἑκατόν LXX 1 Es.8.19(21)
; οὐκ ἔστιν ἕ. ἑνός ib.Ps. 13.3; οὐκ ἔχομεν ἕ. τῆς τροφῆς τῶν κτηνῶν PTeb.56.7
(ii B.C.); ἐᾶτε ἕ. τούτου Ev.Luc.22.51
; μαχοῦμαι ἕ. ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου OGI266.29
(Pergam., iii B.C.); ἕ. μέθης Corn.ND30
.

2 rarely c. acc., ἕ. πρωΐ LXX Jd.19.25
; ἕ. μεσημβρίαν PLond.1.131r346
, 515 (i A.D.); ἕ. τὸ βωμῷ down to the word " βωμῷ", Sch.Pi.O.6.111.

III while, so long as, c. ind., ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν Od.13.315
, cf.17.358, 390; ἕ. δ' ἔτ' ἔμφρων εἰμί A.Ch. 1026
, cf. Pers. 710 (troch.); ἕ. ἔτι ἐλπὶς [ἦν] Th.8.40; ἕ. ἔτινέος εἶ Pl.Prm. 135d
: in this sense answered in apodosi by τῆος, Od.4.90, Il.20.41; by τόφρα, Od.12.327, Il.18.15; by τόφρα δέ, 10.507; by δέ alone, 1.193, Od.4.120 codd.

b ἕ. ἄν c.subj., when the whole action is future, οὔ μοι.. ἐλπίς, ἕ. ἂν αἴθῃ πῦρ A.Ag. 1435
; λέγειν τε χρὴ καὶ ἐρωτᾶν, ἕως ἂν ἐῶσιν Pl.Phd. 85b
; οὐδὲν ἔστ' αὐτῷ βεβαίως ἔχειν ἕ. ἂν ὑμεῖς δημοκρατῆσθε D.10.13
.

c ἕως c. opt. in a Conditional relative clause, φήσομεν μηδὲν ἂν μεῖζον μηδὲ ἔλαττον γενέσθαι ἕ. ἴσον εἴη αὐτὸ ἐαυτῷ Pl.Tht. 155a
.

B in Hom. sts. Demonstr.,= τέως, for a time, ἧος μὲν.. ὄρνυον· αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ.. Il.12.141
; ἧος μὲν ἀπείλει.. · ἀλλ' ὅτε δὴ.. 13.143
, cf. 17.727, 730, Od.2.148; ἧος μὲν.. ἕποντο.. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ.. Il.15.277
; all that time, Od.3.126, cf. Hdt.8.74. ( ἕως, as iambus, only once in Hom., Od.2.78; as a monosyll., Il.17.727, dub.l. in Od.2.148; when the first syllable is to be long codd. Hom. have εἵως or ἕως (never εἷος or ἧος, Ludwich WkP1890.512, exc. ειος v.l. (PFay. 160 ) in Il.20.41), 3.291, 11.342, al.; εἵως (or ἕως) is found even when the metre requires a trochee, 1.193, al.; comparison of [dialect] Dor. ἇς (from Αος ) with [dialect] Att.-[dialect] Ion. ἕως points to early [dialect] Ion. Ηος (cf. Skt. yāvat 'as great as, as long as, until') and this should prob. be restored in Hom.; cf. τέως.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔωρτο
18 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
19 ergo

ergō (rarely with short o in Ov. and the post-Aug. poets, Ov. H. 5, 59 Lennep.; id. Tr. 1, 1, 87; Luc. 9, 256; Val. Fl. 2, 407; Claud. Ep. 4, 17), adv. [for e-regō, from ex and root rag-, to extend upward; cf. Gr. oregô, L. rego, Germ. ragen; v. erga, and Corss. Ausspr. 1, 448 sqq.], proceeding from or out of.
I.
With gen. (placed after it, like causa and gratia), in consequence of, on account of, because of (ante-class, but not in Plaut. or Ter.):
quojus rei ergo,
Cato R. R. 141, 2:
hujus rei ergo,
id. ib. § 3; 4; ib. 139; Tab. Publica ap. Liv. 40, 52 fin.; 41, 28 fin.: dono militari virtutis ergo donari, S. C. ap. Liv. 25, 7; so, virtutis ergo, Lex ap. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 19; Sisenn. ap. Non. 107, 16: ejus victoriae ergo, Inscr. ap. Nep. Paus. 1, 3: funeris ergo, Lex ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23 fin.; 25 fin.:
ejus legis ergo,
Cic. Att. 3, 23, 2; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8:
formidinis ergo,
Lucr. 5, 1246:
illius ergo,
Verg. A. 6, 670.
II.
Absol. (for cujus rei ergo), consequently, accordingly, therefore, then (class.): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem: ergo postque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 4; Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9; Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 74:
Polemoni et jam ante Aristoteli ea prima visa sunt, quae paulo ante dixi. Ergo nata est sententia veterum Academicorum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:
Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei, nec manere ergo, nec transire aperte ausus, etc.,
Liv. 1, 27; Verg. E. 5, 58 et saep.—The reason or cause sometimes follows with quia, quod:
ergo istoc magis, quia vaniloquus, vapulabis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 222; cf. id. Mil. 4, 6, 18.—Ante- and postclass. pleonast.:
ergo igitur,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 27; and:
igitur ergo,
App. M. 1, p. 104 al. —So in Ter. and Liv.:
itaque ergo,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 25; Liv. 1, 25, 2 Drak.; 3, 31, 5 Gron.; 9, 31 fin.; 39, 25.—
B.
Transf.
1.
In a logical conclusion, consequently, therefore:
negat haec filiam me suam esse: non ergo haec mater mea est,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 20; Varr. L. L. 8, § 47; 48; 49;
59 sq. al.: nullum dicere causae esse genus amentia est, etc.... Relinquitur ergo, ut omnia tria genera sint causarum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 9 fin.:
quis est enim, in quo sit cupiditas, quin recte cupidus dici possit? Ergo et avarus erit, sed finite,
id. Fin. 2, 9, 27; 5, 9, 24:
quis tam esset ferreus qui eam vitam ferre posset, etc.? Verum ergo illud est, quod a Tarentino Archyta dici solitum,
id. Lael. 23, 88 et saep.;
corresponding to igitur,
id. ib. 14 fin. and 15 init.; so consecutively, igitur... ergo... ergo... igitur... id. N. D. 2, 21, 56 sq.—So with si, cum, quia, etc.:
ergo ego nisi peperissem, Roma non oppugnaretur,
Liv. 2, 40, 8; Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 34; id. Capt. 2, 3, 63; id. Aul. 4, 10, 25. —So esp. in Cicero, like an (v. an I. D.), in interrogative argumentation, a minore ad majus, or ex aequo, so, so then:
ergo haec veteranus miles facere poterit, doctus vir sapiensque non poterit?
Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39; so with the future, id. ib. § 41; 1, 14, 31; 3, 15, 31; id. Off. 1, 31, 114; id. Fin. 2, 33 fin.:
ergo illi intelligunt, quid Epicurus dicat, ego non intelligo?
id. ib. 2, 4, 13; cf. id. Arch. 9:
ergo Ennio licuit vetera contemnenti dicere, etc.... mihi de antiquis eodem modo non licebit?
id. Or. 51, 171; cf. id. Arch. 8, 9 fin. —
2.
In interrogations.
a.
When an explanation is asked, do you say? do you mean? then: S. Quo agis? P. Quo tu?... S. Quo ergo, scelus? Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 23: Ipsus es? Ch. Ipsus Charmides sum. S. Ergo ipsusne es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 145; id. Ep. 1, 1, 19; Hor. S. 2, 3, 156.—
b.
When a consequence is inquired for, Engl. then: Ps. lstuc ego jam satis scio. Si. Cur ergo, quod scis, me rogas? Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 10:
ergo in iis adolescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus, quos? etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117:
dedemus ergo Hannibalem? dicet aliquis,
Liv. 21, 10 fin. et saep.:
num ergo is excaecat nos aut orbat sensibus, si? etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74; so,
num ergo,
Quint. 10, 1, 5; cf. id. 6, 3, 79:
quid stamus? quin ergo imus?
why not then? Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21; so,
quin ergo,
id. As. 1, 1, 15; 2, 2, 113; id. Merc. 5, 2, 88; id. Mil. 4, 2, 93.— Esp. freq., quid ergo? like the Gr. ti ouW, why then? but why? quid ergo hanc dubitas colloqui? Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 17; cf. Cic. Fin. 4, 14; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 55; Tib. 3, 6, 51:
quid ergo? hujusne vitae propositio Thyesten levare poterit?
Cic. Tusc. 3, 18; id. Off. 3, 20, 81; 3, 15, 61; 3, 18, 73; id. Rosc. Am. 1, 2; id. Caecin. 20; id. Mur. 23, 47 et saep.; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 10 et saep.—
3.
With imperatives and words used imperatively, then, now, accordingly:
dato ergo istum symbolum illi,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 57:
vide ergo, hanc conclusionem probaturusne sis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:
desinite ergo,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19 fin.:
sequere ergo,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 83; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Stich. 5, 2, 20; cf.:
amplectere ergo,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 16:
tace ergo,
id. Aul. 3, 2, 14; id. Ep. 2, 2, 57:
dic ergo,
id. Pers. 2, 2, 57: ausculta ergo, id. ib. 4, 6, 19; id. Cas. 2, 4, 18 et saep.:
quin tu ergo i modo,
come now, begone! id. Merc. 5, 2, 114; cf.:
quin tu ergo omitte genua,
id. Rud. 3, 2, 14:
agedum ergo,
id. ib. 3, 4, 15.—So with the subj.:
age eamus ergo, intro ergo abeant,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 17; id. Mil. 1, 1, 78:
abeamus ergo intro,
id. ib. 3, 3, 69:
ergo des minam,
id. ib. 5, 27; Cic. Fin. 5, 8 fin.; id. Brut. 43.—And with the future:
ergo, si sapis, mussitabis,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 66.—
4.
Like igitur, in resuming an interrupted train of thought, as I was saying; I say, then; well then:
tres viae sunt ad Mutinam, quo festinat animus, ut, etc.... Tres ergo ut dixi viae,
Cic. Phil. 12, 9, 22; cf. id. Part. 13, 46; id. de Or. 1, 57; id. Top. 19, 73; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4.—So (like igitur and inquam) after parenthetical sentences, Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; id. Fin. 2, 34, 113; id. Fam. 15, 10, 1.—Less freq. for inquam in a mere repetition:
mihi tuus pater, Pater hujus ergo, hospes Antidamas fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 91; or in beginning a subject with reference to the expectation of the auditors (cf. Gr. ara), then, now:
accipite ergo animis,
Verg. A. 10, 109; id. Cir. 29. See Hand Turs. II. pp. 440-467.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ergo
20 vala-

2 vb. "to rule", only with reference to the Valar see Vala. Future tense valuva is attested WJ:404

Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > vala-

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